Daga Pauline Odhiambo

Wani lokaci, abubuwa marasa ban sha'awa suna zama na musamman idan ana kewar su - kamar shaƙar iska mai daɗi ya zama daɗaɗɗen lamari.

Wannan ba wata futowa daga littafin zube mai wuyar sha'ani ba ne; abu ne na zahiri ga miliyoyin mutane a yankunan Afrika mafi gurɓatar iska a matsayin wuraren da a da ake raino da  ciyar da mutane, amma yanzu yana fama tabon wanzuwar masana'antu.

A jihar Lagos ta Nijeriya, Amina Yusuf, ƴar shekara 34 da haihuwa mai ƴaƴa uku tana takaicin ganin yadda lafiyar ƴaƴanta ke taɓarɓarewa sakamakon shaƙar gubar hayaƙin ƙonannan mai da na ƙonanniyar shara.

"Ƙaramin ɗana, Ahmad, yana ta fama da kwanciya a asibiti sakamakon cutar Asthma," ta sheda wa TRT Afrika. Likita na cewa saboda gurɓataciyar iskar da yake shaƙa ne, amma kuma me zan iya yi? Ba mu da kuɗin kama haya a wani wuri dabam."

 A gundumar Mpumalanga ta Afrika ta Kudu, wajen da aka fi sarrafa ma'adanin gawayi a duniya, rayuwar mazauna wajen kamar Thabo Mokoena lulluɓe take da baƙin hayaƙi da gurɓatacciyar iska.

 "Iska a nan a murtuke take kamar bargo. Ba za ka iya kauce mata ba," ya bayyana. "Matata ta kamu da mummunan tari, wanda likitoci suka ce sakamakon shaƙar gurɓatacciyar iska kullum ne. Muna ji kamar a garƙame muke. Wannan gidanmu ne, amma kuma yana illata mu."

 Batun gaggawa na duniya

Fiye da ƙwararru a fannin kiwon lafiya miliyan 47, da masu bayar da shawarwari da kuma wakilan ƙungiyoyin fararen hula sun haɗa kai wajen buƙatar a ɗauki matakan gaggawa wajen magance gurɓatar iska da kuma kiyaye lafiyar jama'a.

Wannan gagarumin roƙon shi ne babban batu a Babban Taron Duniya a Kan Gurɓatar Iska da Kiwon Lafiya, wanda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) da gwamnatin Columbia suka yi haɗin gwiwa wajen shiryawa, a Cartagena daga 25 zuwa 27 na watan Maris.

 Alƙaluma sun nuna cewa gurɓatar iska na ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin muhalli da ke barazana ga kiwon lafiya, bisa ƙiyasi yana sanadiyar salwantar rayukan kimanin miliyan bakwai kowacce shekara. Shi ne kan gaba wajen haifar da cututtukan numfashi da cututtukan zuciya, da shanyewar ɓarin jiki da kansar hunhu da kuma namoniya.

Adadin musamman ya fi muni a Afrika, inda aka fi ganin kafuwar birane cikin hanzari da kuma dogaro da makamashi mai gurɓata muhalli.

Daga yankunan masana'antu na Afrika ta Kudu zuwa yankunan karkara na Kenya, inda iyalai suka dogara da murhu wajen girki, iskar da mutane ke shaƙa, sannu a hankali tana raba su da lafiyarsu da makomarsu.

A Dandora, ɗaya daga cikin unguwannin marasa galihu a Nairobi, babban birnin Kenya, Jane Mwangi, malama ƴar shekara 28 da haihuwa tana magana kan yadda mutum zai ji "rashin iya kataɓus" yayin da ta tuna yadda murhunan gawayi da ƙona shara suka yi tasiri kan ƙananan ɗalibai.

"Ɗalibaina da yawa suna fashin makaranta akai akai saboda tari da ciwon ƙirji. Mun san cewa iskar ce," ta sheda wa TRT Afrika.

 Ra'ayi ya zo ɗaya

 Babban taron a Cartagena da ke tafe na da hadafin sauya tunanin cewa ba za a iya yin komai a kan gurɓatar iska ba.

Matakin farko wajen ganin an zamar da batun ingantacciyar iska wani ɓangare na batutuwan duniya shi ne a samu shugabanni siyasa, Hukumomin MDD, masana, da kuma ƙungiyoyin fararen hula su yi magana da murya ɗaya game da  wanzazziyar matsalar.

"Mutane miliyan arba'in da bakwai daga ma'aikatan lafiya sun yi kira da a ɗauki kyakkyawan mataki ta fuskar kimiyya. Dole a saurare su," daraktan janar na WHO, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, ya bayyana a wata sanarwa gabannin babban taron.

 "WHO na taimaka wa ƙasashe su aiwatar da ƙudurori na zahiri domin magance gurɓatar iska da kuma daƙile cututtukan da hakan ke haifarwa. Daga babban taron na Cartagena, muna fatan ganin ƙasashe sun ɗauki ƙwararan matakai wajen aiwatar da waɗannan ƙudurorin da kuma ceto rayuka.

 Dr Mariam Neira, daraktan muhalli, sauyin yanayi da kiwon lafiya na WHO, ta bayyana yiwuwar samun cigaba.

 "Ingantacciyar iska ba wata alfarma ba ce, haƙƙi ne na bil adama. Mun ga birane da ƙasashe suna kyautata ingancin iska ta hanyar aiwatar da tsauraran matakai kan gurɓata iska. Yanzu, akwai buƙatar faɗaɗa waɗannan matakan a faɗin duniya.

Masalaha masu ɗorewa

 Babban Taron na Cartagena zai mayar da hankali ne kan ƙwararan matakai, da suka haɗa da tsauraran ƙaidojin ta'amali da iska, komawa yin amfani da makamashi mara gurɓata muhalli, da kuma faɗaɗa hanyar sufuri ɗorarriya.

A birnin Accra na Ghana, inda ƙona shara ya zama ruwan dare, Akua Mensah, ƴan kasuwa ƴan shekaru 45, ta bayyana takaici kan tasirin haka kan sana'artan.

" Hayaƙin yana haifar da wahalar numfashi, kuma mutane na kauce wa shagona saboda hayaƙi. Samuna ya ragu kuma lafiyata na ƙara rauni. Wannan ba hanyar da mutum zai rayu ba ce," inji Akua.

 Kyakkyawan labari shi ne cewa al'umomi sun fara haɗa kawunansu,suna buƙatar gwamnstocinsu su ɗauki mataki.

Ƙananan Ƙungiyoyi a Kenya da dama ne suke jagorantar gwagwarmayar samar da makamashi mai ƙarin tsafta da sauƙi domin buƙatu na girke girken a ƙasar ta Gabashin Afrika.

A Afrika ta Kudu, ƴan gwagwarmaya na buƙatar a samu sauyi cikin sauƙi daga amfani da gawayi zuwa yin amfani da makamashi mai tsafta.

 Ƴancin samun lafiya

 Ƙudurorin da za a samar a Babban Taron Cartagena da kuma taron jiga-jigan mutane na MDD na shekarar 2025 kan cututtuka da ba sa bazuwa zai iya zama lokaci mafi muhimmanci wajen nemo bakin zaren yaƙi da gurɓatar iska.

 A wajen mutane irin su Amina, Jane da kuma Thabo, waɗannan yunƙurin sun zo a lokacin da ya dace.

"Muna buƙatar ingantacciyar iska domin mu rayu, mu yaɗu, sannan mu ga ƴaƴanmu sun girma cikin ƙoshin lafiya," inji Amina. "Wannan ba faɗanmu mu kaɗai ba ne, gwagwarmaya ce ta kowa da kowa."